You can create a post function to calculate Issue Score value on any Issue during a transition. Provide a JQL here about where you want to calculate the Score value. If empty, it will be only applied where the transition is executed.

Add and configure post function

To add a post function to a transition, edit the workflow that contains the transition, select the transition, then click Post functions in the properties panel for the transition.

To add a post function to a transition:

Select the Jira icon > Jira settings > Issues.
Click Workflows and then Edit for the relevant workflow.
In diagram mode, select the transition arrow. In text mode, select the transition's name from the Transitions (id) column.
In diagram mode, click Post functions in the properties panel to show the triggers configured for the transition. In text mode, select the Post functions tab.
Select Issue Score calculation based on JQL option and click Add
Configure the Issue Score post function
1. Provide a JQL here about where you want to calculate the Score value.
2. If the field is empty, it will be only applied to the Issue where the transition is executed.
Click Add.

View, Edit, Delete or Move

The Issue Score post function will be displayed with the configured JQL in the list of post functions. Options for editing or deleting a post function, and for changing the execution order, are at the right of the tab (hover there to see them).